Borobudur, the World Wonder Heritages
Wednesday, 27 November 2013
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Have you visited Borobudur? It feels incomplete if you go to
Yogyakarta before visiting Borobudur temple, it seems not even to go to
Yogyakarta if you have not set foot in the court of the largest Buddhist temple
in the 9th century. Maillionarise peoples around the world would love to visit
the Borobudur temple which has as many as 1460 relief panels and 504 stupas,
due to its architectural grandeur and its function as a place of worship.
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| Borobudur Temple |
Borobudur was built during the reign of the Syailendra dynasty by
King Samaratungga one of the kings of ancient Mataram kingdom
around the 800s AD. Borobudur temple as a model of the universe was built by
the followers of Mahayana Buddhism with the goal of becoming a holy place for
Buddhists venerate as well as serve as a place of pilgrimage to lead humanity
from nature earthly passion turned to enlightenment and wisdom according to the
teachings of Buddha. The pilgrims enter through the east side at the base of
the temple rituals begin with a walk encircling the shrine clockwise, while
continuing to go up to the next steps in the sphere through three levels of
Buddhist cosmology. The third level is Kamadhatu (the realm of the passions),
Rupadhatu (the realm of intangibles), and Arupadhatu (intangible realm). In
this journey of pilgrims walking through a series of hallways and stairs with
no less than 1,460 witnessed the beautiful relief panels carved on the walls
and balustrades.
The name of Borobudur, as some people means a mountain having terraces
(budhara), while the other says that Borobudur means monastery situated
altitude. Borobudur temple punden-shaped staircase consists of 10 levels.
Borobudur height before being renovated was 42 meters to 34.5 meters now
because the lowest level was used as supporting. Shape of the building is six
stairs steps bottom is square, three levels above and one level circular
Buddhist stupa facing to the west. Each level represents the stages of the
human life. Appropriate school of Mahayana Buddhism every person who wants to
reach the level of Buddha must go through each of the tiers of life.
The base of Borobudur called Kamadhatu,symbolizing human
beings that are still bound by lust. Four levels above referred Rupadhatu,
symbolizing human beings that have set themselves free from lust but still
bound manner and form. At the level of a statue of Buddha placed open, while
the three levels above where the Buddha statues are placed inside perforated
stupa called Arupadhatu, symbolizing man who has been free from lust,
appearance and shape. The top part is called Arupa that symbolizes nirvana
where Buddha is residing. Each terrace has beautiful relief panels showing how
skillful. Relief that will be read coherently
when we walk in a clockwise direction (towards the left of the entrance of the
temple). On the reliefs of Borobudur tells of a legendary story of Ramayana. In
addition there are relief panels describing the condition of society at that
time. For example, relief of farmers' activity reflecting the advance of the
cruise that was based in Bergotta (Semarang). All relief panels in Borobudur
temple reflect the Buddha's teachings. Hence this temple functions as educating
the media for people who want to learn Buddhism
According
to historical evidence, Borobudur was abandoned in the 14th century as the
weakening influence of Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms in Java, and started the
influence of Islam. The world began to realize the existence of this building
since it was discovered in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, who was then
serving as Governor-General of British over Java. Since then it has undergone a
series of Borobudur rescue and restoration efforts. The largest restoration project was held in the period 1975 to 1982 the
efforts of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and UNESCO, and historic
sites in the list of World Heritage sites.
Borobudur is still used as a place of religious pilgrimage;
each year Buddhists who come from all over Indonesia and abroad gather at
Borobudur to commemorate Vesak Trisuci. In the world of tourism, tourism
Borobudur is Indonesia's single most visited tourist.
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